INTRODUCTION Latin American Journal of Education (LAJoE) is a double-blind peer-reviewed, bi-monthly e-journal based in the USA, supported by a strong Editorial Board and an efficient peer-review system. The journal aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and research in education and related disciplines. It focuses on disseminating scholarly work and innovative practices in the fields of pedagogy, curriculum development, educational technology, teacher training, higher education management, educational psychology, distance learning, inclusive education, early childhood education, comparative education, and language education. JOURNAL INFORMATION Journal title : Latin American journal of education Initials : LAJoE Abbreviation : L.A.J.O.E Frequency : once every 45 days Chief Editor: : Steven Brint Impact Factor (IF) : 9.347 DOI : Online ISSN : 2155-1596 Publisher : Latin American journal of education (USA) Language: : English Country of Origin: : USA
KONSEPT TUSHUNCHASI VA UNING KOGNITIV-LINGVISTIK TALQINI
Ushbu maqolada konsept tushunchasining nazariy asoslari, uning kognitiv-lingvistik mohiyati hamda til va tafakkur tizimidagi o‘rni ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, konseptning inson ongida shakllanish jarayoni, uning milliy-madaniy xususiyatlari va lingvokulturologik ahamiyati yoritilgan. Maqolada konseptlarning til birliklari orqali ifodalanishi hamda insonning olamni idrok etish jarayonidagi roli haqida fikr yuritilgan. Konseptning zamonaviy tilshunoslikdagi ahamiyati va kognitiv tadqiqotlardagi o‘rni ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil etilgan.
konsept, tafakkur, til, semantika, idrok, madaniyat, freym, prototip, kommunikatsiya, lingvokulturologiya, mentalitet, kognitivlik.
БОЛЕЗНЕЙ КУЛЬТИВИРУЕМЫХ И ДИКОРАСТУЩИХ ЗЛАКОВ В КАШКАДАРЬИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
В статье изучено грибково-паразитных болезней на злаковых растениях Кашкадарьинской области. Из болезней возделываемых и дикорастущих злаков в Кашкадарьинской области наибольшее значение имеет головня, ржавчина, мучнистая роса и септориоз.
головня, ржавчина, мучнисторосяние и септория.
БОЛЕЗНИ КУЛЬТИВИРУЕМЫХ И ДИКОРАСТУЩИХ КОРМОВЫХ БОБОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР В КАШКАДАРЬИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
В статье изучено распространение грибково-паразитарных болезней на культивируемых и дикорастущих бобовых растениях в Кашкадарьинской области. Из болейней культивируемых и дикорастущих бобовых наибольшие значений имеет аскохитоз, мучнистая роса, бурая пятнистость, ложная мучнистая роса и ржавчина.
аскохитоз, мучнистая роса, бурая пятнистость, ложная мучнистая роса и ржавчина.
ELEKTRON BUXGALTERIYA TIZIMLARINING SAMARADORLIGI VA IQTISODIY XAVFSIZLIK
Maqolada elektron buxgalteriya tizimlarining samaradorligi va iqtisodiy xavfsizlikka ta’siri chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalarning buxgalteriya hisobini avtomatlashtirish, xatoliklarni kamaytirish va ma’lumotlarni himoya qilishdagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Shuningdek, xalqaro va milliy tajribalar, nazariy va amaliy tadqiqotlar asosida elektron buxgalteriya tizimlarining afzalliklari va ularni joriy etishda uchraydigan xavf-xatarlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari elektron buxgalteriya tizimlarini rivojlantirish va ularning iqtisodiy xavfsizlikni ta’minlashdagi rolini oshirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
elektron buxgalteriya, samaradorlik, iqtisodiy xavfsizlik, raqamli texnologiyalar
ANDIJON VILOYATI TABIIY LANDSHAFTLARIGA ANTROPOGEN TA’SIR VA UNING GEOEKOLOGIK HOLATI
Mazkur maqolada Andijon viloyati tabiiy landshaftlariga inson xo‘jalik faoliyatining ta’siri, ekologik muammolar hamda hududning geoekologik holati tahlil qilinadi. Sug‘orma dehqonchilik, sanoat korxonalari, urbanizatsiya va transport infratuzilmasining rivojlanishi natijasida tuproq degradatsiyasi, suv resurslarining ifloslanishi va atmosfera havosining ekologik holati yomonlashayotgani yoritiladi. Shuningdek, hududda ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash bo‘yicha taklif va tavsiyalar keltiriladi.
antropogen ta’sir, geoekologik holat, landshaft, ekologik muammo, sug‘orma dehqonchilik, tuproq degradatsiyasi, Andijon viloyati.
XADICHA SULAYMONOVA VA O‘ZBEK HUQUQSHUNOSLIK MAKTABI: JINOYAT HUQUQI DOKTRINASINING EVOLYUTSIYASI
Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston Respublikasining birinchi ayol akademik huquqshunosi Xadicha Sulaymonovaning ilmiy merosi va uning davlat boshqaruvidagi faoliyatini tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda uning jinoyat huquqi sohasidagi konseptual yondashuvlari, shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan gumanistik tamoyillar hamda davlat huquqiy tizimini shakllantirishdagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Maqolada Sulaymonovaning Adliya vaziri sifatidagi qarorlari bugungi kunda O‘zbekiston huquqiy islohotlarida, xususan, qonuniylikni ta’minlash va sud ekspertizasi tizimini rivojlantirishda qanday asos bo‘lib xizmat qilayotgani ilmiy tahlil etilgan.
Xadicha Sulaymonova, jinoyat huquqi, gumanizm, Adliya vazirligi, sud ekspertizasi, qonuniylik, huquqiy islohotlar, davlat boshqaruvi.
GLOBALLASHUV – OBYEKTIV JARAYON SIFATIDA
Ushbu maqolada globallashuvning ilmiy termin sifatida vujudga kelishi, tub ildizi, shakllanishi tahlil etilgan. Xususan, globallashuvning milliy va xalqaro madaniyat va qadriyatlar tizimidagi o‘rni yoritib berilgan.
global, milliy, qadriyat, madaniyat, ijobiy va salbiy, obyektiv zarurat.
GLOBALASHUV DAVRIDA SAN’AT, ADABIYOT VA MILLIY QADRIYATLAR O‘ZGARISHI
Ushbu maqolada globallashuvning milliy qadriyatlarga ijobiy ta’siri san’at va adabiyot orqali ochib berilgan. Shuningdek, milliy urf-odatlar, bayramlar, kiyim va taomlarning milliy qadriyatlarga qo’shgan ijobiy tomonlari tahlil qilingan.
Milliy qadriyat, globallashuv, adabiyot, san’at, dramaturgiya, kiyim, taom, bayram, inson, umumbashariy.
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ У ПОТОМСТВА КРЫС, РОЖДЁННЫХ ОТ МАТЕРЕЙ С ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫМ САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ
Актуальность. Сахарный диабет (СД) у беременных оказывает значительное влияние на развитие плода, в том числе на формирование эндокринной системы. Поджелудочная железа, играющая ключевую роль в регуляции углеводного обмена, особенно чувствительна к изменениям гликемии у матери. Исследования последних лет показывают, что внутриутробная гипергликемия может приводить к структурным и функциональным нарушениям островкового аппарата поджелудочной железы у потомства, что в дальнейшем способствует развитию метаболических расстройств, включая СД 2-го типа.
Изучить морфологические и морфометрические изменения поджелудочной железы у потомства крыс, рождённых от самок с экспериментально индуцированным сахарным диабетом, с использованием гистологических, иммуногистохимических и количественных методов анализа.
TURLI TIZIMDAGI TILLARDA FARZAND VA HOMILADORLIK BILAN BOG‘LIQ MAQOL VA IBORALAR TAHLILI
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy tilshunoslikda maqollar ustida ko‘plab ilmiy izlanishlar olib borilmoqda, maqollarning har taraflama yangidan yangi jihatlarini o‘rganish paremiologiya sohasining asosiy vazifalaridan biri ekanligi, аyоllаrgа bо‘lgаn ijоbiy munоsаbаtning аks еtishi ingliz xаlq аntrоpоsеntrik mаqоllаridа yаqqоlrоq kо‘zgа tаshlаnishi, yа’ni ingliz xаlq mаdаniyаtidа аyоl gеndеrigа bо‘lgаn munоsаbаt о‘zbеk xаlqinikidаn birmunchа yuqоrirоq ekanligi to‘g‘risidagi fikrlar bayon qilingan.
mаqоl, mеntаlitеt, mаdаniyаt, urf-odat, аntrоpоtsеntrik, pаrеmiоlоgiyа, xususiyat
RUSSIA’S ENERGY STRATEGY AS A TOOL OF GEOPOLITICAL INFLUENCE
This paper examines Russia’s energy strategy as a key instrument of geopolitical influence in the contemporary international system. Russia possesses vast reserves of oil and natural gas, which play a crucial role in both its domestic economy and foreign policy. The study analyzes how Russia leverages its energy exports to influence political and economic relations, particularly with Europe and Asia. Furthermore, the paper explores the impact of Western sanctions and the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the transformation of Russia’s energy policy. While sanctions have reduced Russia’s access to European markets, the country has successfully redirected its energy exports toward Asian economies, especially China and India. The findings suggest that although Russia has faced significant geopolitical challenges, its economy has demonstrated resilience due to strong energy demand from emerging markets. The study concludes that Russia’s energy strategy is increasingly shifting toward Asia, reshaping global energy dynamics and geopolitical alignments.
Russia, Energy Strategy, Geopolitics, Energy Security, Sanctions, China, Global Energy Market
Suv ona tabiatimizda eng kop tarqalgan noorganik modda. Tabiatda suvning qattiq, suyuq, gazsimon, fizik holda bo‘lishi uning biosferada keng tarqalishiga imkon beradi.Ammo suvdan tartibsiz foydalanish natijasida turli hududlarda suv tanqschilligi yuzaga kelmoqda biz buni oldini olish uchun suv resurslarini muhofaza qilish va ulardan samarali foydalanishimiz kerak
Chuchuklashtiruvchi stansiyalar, dunyo okeani, organik, minerallar, kimyoviy, mexanik, bakteriologik, radioaktiv, chiqindilar, organik, noorganik, toksik, notoksik, ifloslanish, destruktiv, filtirlash.
ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ ПРИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ И ЕЁ ОБУЧЕНИЕ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
: В статье проанализирована роль информационных технологий — компьютерных симуляторов, мобильных приложений и онлайн-платформ — в обучении студентов медицинских вузов вопросам гигиены питания при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях. Результаты исследования показали, что интерактивный образовательный процесс, организованный с использованием современных цифровых технологий, способствует формированию у студентов навыков рационального питания, соблюдения диетических рекомендаций, снижению факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и укреплению принципов здорового образа жизни. Также в статье освещена эффективность информационных технологий в интеграции теоретических знаний и практических навыков.
сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, гигиена питания, информационные технологии, медицинское образование, интерактивное обучение, мобильное приложение, компьютерное моделирование, рациональное питание.
“SOME PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL-AGED STUDENTS IN RURAL SCHOOLS CONDITIONS”
In the article presents the results of a study of indicators of physical development of rural schoolchildren aged 7-10 years. According to the results obtained, the body weight, height and chest circumference of students increase depending on their age. In particular, in children 7-8 years old, the above indicators do not differ significantly from the norm. Boys and especially girls aged 9-10 years are distinguished by their height, chest circumference and Quetelet index, which are higher than normal.
body weight, height, chest circumference, children of primary school age, height, development.
STYLISTIC EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION FROM UZBEK INTO RUSSIAN
In literary translation, special importance is attached to understanding the complex relationship between two creative personalities — the author of the original literary work and the translator. Alongside differences in worldview, cultural attitudes, literary views, and aesthetic preferences, the interaction of their individual styles plays a significant role. The adequacy and artistic value of a translation largely depend on the translator’s ability to preserve and convey the stylistic originality of the source text. The article examines the problem of stylistic equivalence in the translation of Uzbek literary texts into Russian on the basis of the Russian translations of Abdulla Qodiriy’s novel Bygone Days. Particular attention is paid to lexical, figurative, emotional, and cultural elements that form the artistic individuality of the original text. The study demonstrates that omissions, inaccurate equivalents, and insufficient consideration of national-cultural semantics may significantly weaken the psychological and aesthetic effect of the translated work.
literary translation, hermeneutics, adequate translation, author, translator, stylistic features, interference, stylistic equivalence, national worldview.
JAHON FOLKLORSHUNOSLIGIDA TOPISHMOQ JANRINING NAZARIY TALQINI
Mazkur maqola jahon folklorshunosligida topishmoqlarni o‘rganish bo‘yicha ilmiy qarashlarning shakllanishi, evolyutsiyasi va nazariy asoslarini kompleks tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda topishmoq janri mifologik, antropologik, qiyosiy-tipologik hamda semiotik ilmiy maktablar doirasida ko‘rib chiqilib, uning kelib chiqish mexanizmlari va semantik tabiati ochib beriladi. E.B. Tylor o‘zining Primitive Culture asarida topishmoqlarni inson tafakkurining ilk bosqichlariga xos bo‘lgan ramziy va metaforik fikrlash mahsuli sifatida talqin qiladi. Uning fikricha, ibtidoiy ong real borliqni bevosita emas, balki obrazlar va ramzlar orqali idrok etgan bo‘lib, topishmoqlar aynan shu kognitiv jarayonning tilga ko‘chgan shaklidir. J.G. Frazer esa The Golden Bough asarida topishmoqlarni madaniy tabu tizimi va marosimiy nutq an’analari bilan bog‘laydi. Unga ko‘ra, ibtidoiy jamiyatda bevosita nomlashdan qochish tendensiyasi shakllanib, bu holat tilning bilvosita, yashirin va ramziy ifoda shakllarini rivojlantirgan. Shu nuqtai nazardan topishmoq ijtimoiy cheklovlar va ritual tafakkur mahsuli sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi. Aarne esa Vergleichende Rätselforschungen ishida turli xalqlar topishmoqlari o‘rtasidagi struktur o‘xshashliklarni qiyosiy-tipologik yondashuv asosida o‘rganib, ularning universal semantik modellarga ega ekanini asoslab beradi. Uning tasnifiy yondashuvi topishmoqlarni xalqaro miqyosda bir xil kognitiv va struktur qonuniyatlarga bo‘ysunuvchi folklor hodisasi sifatida talqin qilishga imkon yaratadi.
topishmoq, folklor, mifologik tafakkur, tabu, qiyosiy-tipologiya, semantika,
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES CONDUCTED TO SUBSTANTIATE THE PARAMETERS OF AN IMPROVED MOLA-LEVELER WITH A WEDGE-SHAPED ROLLER
The article presents the results of experimental studies conducted to substantiate the parameters of a mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller. Based on these results, it was established that, in order for the mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller to ensure the required level of work quality with low energy consumption, the diameter of its roller should be 335-370 mm, the sharpening angle should be 73-86°, and the vertical load should be 2.02-2.14 kN/m.
improved mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller, leveler, wedge-shaped roller, experimental studies, soil crumbling quality, soil density, specific draft resistance, laboratory-field unit, travel speed, regularities of changes in performance indicators.
SHAYBONIYLAR DAVRI TARIXINI O‘RGANISHGA OID MANBALAR VA ILMIY ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI
Mazkur ilmiy maqolada Shayboniylar davri tarixini o‘rganishga oid yozma manbalar va zamonaviy ilmiy adabiyotlar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda XV–XVI asrlarda Movarounnahr va Xuroson hududlarida hukmronlik qilgan Shayboniylar sulolasining siyosiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy hayoti yoritilgan asosiy manbalar o‘rganiladi. Jumladan, Shayboniynoma, Tarixi Rashidiy, Habib us-siyar kabi asarlarning manbashunoslik ahamiyati tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, mahalliy va xorijiy tarixchilar tomonidan olib borilgan tadqiqotlar ilmiy nuqtayi nazardan baholanadi hamda mavzuni yanada chuqurroq o‘rganish istiqbollari ko‘rsatib beriladi.
Shayboniylar davri, Muhammad Shayboniyxon, Movarounnahr, manbashunoslik, tarixiy manbalar, sulola, siyosiy tarix, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy jarayonlar, tarixshunoslik, qo‘lyozma asarlar.
SHAYBONIYLAR DAVRIDA TA’LIM, ILM-FAN, MADANIYAT VA SA’NAT
Ushbu maqolada Shayboniylar sulolasi hukmronligi davrida Movarounnahr hududida ta’lim tizimi, ilm-fan taraqqiyoti hamda madaniyat va san’at rivojining asosiy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Mazkur davrda madrasalar faoliyati, ilmiy muhitning shakllanishi, tarix, adabiyot, tilshunoslik va diniy ilmlar sohasida yaratilgan asarlar hamda ularning jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni yoritib beriladi. Shuningdek, Shayboniylar hukmdorlarining ilm-fan ahliga bo‘lgan e’tibori, madaniy hayotning rivojlanishiga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri va san’at sohalarining taraqqiy etish jarayoni tarixiy manbalar asosida tahlil etiladi. Maqolada ushbu davrning ilmiy va madaniy merosi keyingi davrlar ma’naviy taraqqiyotiga muhim zamin yaratgani ilmiy jihatdan asoslab beriladi.
Shayboniylar davri, Movarounnahr, ta’lim tizimi, madrasa faoliyati, ilm-fan taraqqiyoti, madaniy hayot, san’at rivoji, adabiy muhit, tarixnavislik, ma’naviy meros, davlat homiyligi, madaniy taraqqiyot.
ГЕОЛОГО-ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА КОЭФФИЦИЕНТ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ НЕФТИ ИЗ ПОДГАЗОВЫХ НЕФТЯНЫХ ЗАЛЕЖЕЙ
Приведены особенности геологического строения подгазовых нефтяных залежей нефтегазовых и нефтегазоконденсатных месторождений Бухаро-Хивинского региона Узбекистана, характеризующиеся широким диапазоном изменения геолого-физических факторов и параметров реализованных систем разработки. На основе уточненных параметров, характеризующих строение подгазовых нефтяных залежей, вязкости пластовой нефти, геологической неоднородности и коллекторских свойств продуктивных горизонтов, а также реализованных систем осуществлено обобщение результатов разработки объектов, находящихся в поздней стадии эксплуатации. С применением метода многофакторного корреляционного и регрессионного анализа создана геолого-статистическая модель, позволяющая установить качественное и количественное влияние геологических и технологических факторов на коэффициент извлечения нефти. Показано, что из геологических факторов на коэффициент извлечения нефти наибольшее влияние оказывает неоднородность продуктивных горизонтов, а из технологических методов - поддержание пластового давления. Полученную геолого-статистическую модель коэффициента извлечения нефти рекомендуется использовать для обоснования геолого-технологических мероприятий по совершенствованию реализованных систем разработки подгазовых нефтяных залежей Бухаро -Хивинского региона Узбекистана.
Месторождение, горизонт, фактор, неоднородность, свойства, разработка, скважина, заводнение, корреляция, анализ, статистика, модель коэффициент, извлечение.
LINGUISTIC AND EXTRA-LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF CONFIRMATION QUESTIONS IN MODERN ENGLISH
This article investigates the structural, semantic, and pragmatic characteristics of confirmation questions in Modern English. Confirmation questions, often realized through tag questions, declarative questions with rising intonation, or specific lexical markers, serve not only to verify information but also to manage interpersonal relationships, express epistemic stance, and regulate conversation flow. The study analyzes the linguistic mechanisms (syntax, morphology, prosody) and extra-linguistic factors (social context, power dynamics, gender, cultural norms) that influence the formation and interpretation of these interrogative structures. The research highlights the multifunctionality of confirmation questions, demonstrating their role as key tools in communicative competence and social interaction.
confirmation questions, tag questions, pragmatics, intonation, epistemic modality, conversational analysis, extra-linguistic factors, Modern English.
TRANSFORMATOR PUNKTLARINI YUKLAMA BALANSIGA KELTIRISH ORQALI ELEKTR ENERGIYASI YO‘QOTISHLARINI KAMAYTIRISH
Mazkur maqolada transformator punktlarida yuklama nomutanosibligi natijasida yuzaga keladigan elektr energiyasi yo‘qotishlari tahlil qilinadi. Elektr ta’minoti tizimlarida fazalararo yuklamalarning notekis taqsimlanishi elektr uzatish liniyalari va transformatorlarda qo‘shimcha texnik yo‘qotishlarga sabab bo‘lishi ilmiy jihatdan asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, yuklama balansini ta’minlash orqali elektr energiyasi yo‘qotishlarini kamaytirish usullari hamda ularning iqtisodiy samaradorligi yoritilgan. Tadqiqot davomida transformator punktlaridagi yuklamalarni optimal taqsimlash elektr energiyasi sifati va ta’minot ishonchliligini oshirishi ko‘rsatib berilgan.
transformator punkti, yuklama balansi, elektr energiyasi yo‘qotishlari, fazalararo nomutanosiblik, energiya samaradorligi, elektr tarmoqlari.
KLINIK TERMINLARDA YUNON VA LOTIN AFFIKSLARINING SEMANTIK FUNKSIYASI
Mazkur maqolada klinik terminologiyada yunon va lotin affikslarining semantik funksiyasi tahlil qilinadi. Tibbiy terminlar ko‘pincha ma’lum bir ma’noni ifodalovchi prefiks va suffikslar yordamida shakllanadi. Ushbu affikslar patologik holatlar, diagnostik jarayonlar hamda davolash usullarini aniq ifodalashga xizmat qiladi. Tadqiqot davomida affikslarning semantik roli o‘rganilib, talabalar tomonidan ularni tushunishda uchraydigan muammolar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, affiks asosidagi terminlarni samarali o‘zlashtirish bo‘yicha metodik tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.
tibbiy terminologiya, yunon affikslari, lotin affikslari, semantika, klinik terminlar, prefiks, suffiks
TARMOQ HUJUMLARINI ANIQLASHDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT ALGORITMLARINI QO‘LLASH
Hujumlarni aniqlash usullarini o‘qitish uchun keng qamrovli va ishonchli ma’lumotlar to‘plamini topish, maxfiylik masalalari va mavjud ma’lumotlarning eskirganligi sababli jiddiy muammo hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada bir sinfli tayanch vektor mashinasi (OCSVM) algoritmini qo‘llaydigan yangi tarmoqqa ruxsatsiz kirishni aniqlash modeli taklif etiladi. Real vaqtdagi tarmoq trafigini Snort, Cowrie va Dionaea kabi sensorlar orqali yig‘ish uchun Zamonaviy honey tarmog‘i (MHN) tizimi joriy etildi. Eksperimental sozlamalar Google Cloud Ubuntu instansiyalari va ma’lumotlarga ishlov berish hamda modelni o‘qitish uchun Azure Machine Learning muhitini o‘z ichiga oladi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, taklif etilgan modelning umumiy aniqligi (Accuracy) 98.15% aniqlikka erishdi. Model samaradorligi umumiy aniqlik, aniqlik, to‘g‘rilik va F1 koeffitsiyenti metrikalari yordamida baholandi.
bir sinfli tayanch vektor mashinasi, tarmoq hujumlari, model, anomaliyalarni aniqlash, kiberxavfsizlik, mashinali o‘qitish, normal trafik, xavfsizlik.
FORECASTING TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON DIGITAL TOOLS
This article examines forecasting technologies based on digital tools and their application in educational research and pedagogical practice. Forecasting - the systematic process of predicting future states, trends, and outcomes on the basis of available data and theoretical models - has undergone a fundamental transformation with the development of digital technologies. Traditional forecasting methods, which relied on expert intuition, linear extrapolation, and statistical analysis of limited datasets, have been supplemented and in many cases replaced by digital tools that can process vast amounts of data, identify complex non-linear patterns, and generate predictions with measurable levels of accuracy. The purpose of the article is to provide a systematic theoretical analysis of modern digital forecasting technologies, to classify them according to their methodological foundations and functional characteristics, and to examine their application in the context of educational planning, student performance prediction, and pedagogical decision-making. The research draws on international scholarly literature in data science, machine learning, learning analytics, and educational data mining, as well as the works of Uzbek scholars who have studied the application of information technologies and mathematical modelling in education. The article distinguishes between three generations of forecasting approaches - statistical, algorithmic, and hybrid-intelligent - and analyses the specific tools, methods, and applications associated with each generation. The main result is a conceptual framework that connects forecasting methodology with educational application, identifying five domains where digital forecasting technologies can enhance pedagogical practice: student outcome prediction, curriculum effectiveness evaluation, resource allocation planning, educational trend analysis, and early warning systems for at-risk students. The study concludes that digital forecasting technologies offer significant potential for evidence-based educational decision-making, but their effective application requires a combination of technical competence, domain-specific knowledge, ethical awareness, and critical interpretation of results.
forecasting technologies, digital tools, predictive analytics, machine learning, learning analytics, educational data mining, data-driven decision making, statistical modelling, artificial intelligence, educational planning
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INTEGRATIVE TEACHING OF DISCIPLINES IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION CONDITIONS
This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of integrative teaching of disciplines in inclusive education conditions. Two significant trends in contemporary education — the movement toward inclusive education for all learners regardless of ability and the recognition that disciplinary fragmentation limits meaningful learning — have developed largely in parallel, with insufficient attention to their intersection. The study addresses the gap between inclusive pedagogy, which focuses on creating accessible and supportive learning environments for diverse learners, and integrative didactics, which focuses on connecting knowledge across disciplinary boundaries to produce deeper, more transferable understanding. The purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical and methodological framework that unifies these two approaches, demonstrating that integrative teaching is not merely compatible with inclusive education but is in fact a particularly effective pedagogical strategy for diverse classrooms. The research draws on international scholarly literature on inclusive education, universal design for learning, interdisciplinary curriculum, and differentiated instruction, as well as the works of Uzbek scholars who have studied special education, inclusive practice, and innovative pedagogical methods. The article identifies four types of curricular integration — multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, and problem-based — and analyses the specific affordances and challenges of each type in inclusive settings. The main result is a methodological model that connects three dimensions: the type of integration, the principle of universal accessibility, and the mechanism of differentiated support. The model proposes five methodological principles for integrative teaching in inclusive classrooms: thematic coherence, multiple representation, flexible participation, scaffolded complexity, and collaborative construction of knowledge. The study concludes that integrative teaching in inclusive conditions is most effective when it is designed from the outset to accommodate learner diversity, rather than adapted retroactively after the curriculum has been developed for a homogeneous group.
inclusive education, integrative teaching, interdisciplinary learning, universal design for learning, differentiated instruction, special educational needs, curriculum integration, diverse learners, accessibility, pedagogical methodology
ORIENTALISM IN ‘‘THE TALISMAN ’’BY SIR WALTER SCOTT
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Orientalism in Sir Walter Scott’s historical novel The Talisman (1825), focusing on the symbolic construction of the East, the representation of Eastern characters, and the role of Orientalist discourse in shaping Western identity. The study examines how the novel reflects both traditional Orientalist stereotypes and a more nuanced portrayal of Eastern civilization. Particular attention is given to the character of Saladin, who emerges as a central figure challenging conventional Western perceptions. The research argues that The Talisman represents a transitional stage in nineteenth-century Orientalist literature, where admiration for the East coexists with underlying Eurocentric assumptions. Through literary and cultural analysis, the article demonstrates that Scott’s work contributes significantly to the understanding of East–West relations in the context of Romantic literature.
Orientalism, Walter Scott, The Talisman, Saladin, East and West, identity, symbolism, discourse
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ МСФО В РАЗВИВАЮЩИХСЯ ЭКОНОМИКАХ
В статье рассматривается внедрение Международных стандартов финансовой отчетности (IFRS) в развивающихся экономиках и их влияние на качество финансовой отчетности. Показано, что IFRS повышают прозрачность, сопоставимость и надежность финансовой информации, однако эффективность их применения зависит от институциональной среды и уровня подготовки специалистов. Несмотря на положительный эффект, внедрение IFRS ограничивается кадровыми, финансовыми и техническими барьерами. Опыт Узбекистана подтверждает необходимость дальнейших институциональных реформ.
внедрение МСФО, качество финансовой отчетности, развивающиеся экономики, прозрачность, сопоставимость, институциональная среда
ANALYSIS OF BRIGHTNESS INDICATORS OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN LIGHT GRAIN SOILS
This article presents an analysis of the germination rates of winter wheat varieties under the conditions of light sierozem soils in the Kashkadarya region. According to the research results, the germination of winter wheat varieties was studied depending on the weight of 1000 seeds and the sowing rate. According to the results of the 2022 study, the number of autumn sprouts for the "Tanya" variety was 392.2 m2/pcs, for the "Asr" variety 381.4 m2/pcs, and for the "Yaksart" variety 394.5 m2/pcs; the number of winter sprouts (in the spring of 2023) was 363.4 m2/pcs, 350.6 m2/pcs, and 370.2 m2/pcs, respectively, and the number of dead plants was 28.8 m2/pcs, 30.8 m2/pcs, and 24.3 m2/pcs, respectively.
light sierozems, winter wheat, sowing rate, germination, seedlings, indicator, agrotechnics, irrigation, irrigation methods, irrigation regimes.
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCIAL MARKET EFFICIENCY: TRANSPARENCY, SPEED, AND TRANSACTION COST EFFECTS
Blockchain technology is among the most talked-about innovations in modern finance because it has the potential to transform how transactions are recorded, verified and settled across financial markets. Much of the early discussion has been about cryptocurrencies. But a more important question for finance is whether blockchain infrastructure can improve the efficiency of the broader financial markets. This article explores the relationship between blockchain technology and financial market efficiency in three dimensions: transparency, transaction speed, and transaction cost. The paper relies on the Efficient Market Hypothesis, transaction cost economics and recent scholarship on financial market infrastructure to suggest that blockchain can promote operational efficiency and post-trade transparency, especially in the clearing, settlement, and recording functions. But these benefits are not assured. They rely on governance design, legal enforceability, institutional adoption, and regulatory coordination to do so. The article argues overall that blockchain is not a cure-all for inefficiency but an infrastructural innovation that has different effects in different market environments.
Blockchain technology; financial market efficiency; transparency; transaction costs; settlement; financial innovation