INTRODUCTION Latin American Journal of Education (LAJoE) is a double-blind peer-reviewed, bi-monthly e-journal based in the USA, supported by a strong Editorial Board and an efficient peer-review system. The journal aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and research in education and related disciplines. It focuses on disseminating scholarly work and innovative practices in the fields of pedagogy, curriculum development, educational technology, teacher training, higher education management, educational psychology, distance learning, inclusive education, early childhood education, comparative education, and language education. JOURNAL INFORMATION Journal title : Latin American journal of education Initials : LAJoE Abbreviation : L.A.J.O.E Frequency : once every 45 days Chief Editor: : Steven Brint Impact Factor (IF) : 9.347 DOI : Online ISSN : 2155-1596 Publisher : Latin American journal of education (USA) Language: : English Country of Origin: : USA
INNOVATION-DRIVEN EVOLUTION OF AIR CARGO LOGISTICS IN THE DIGITAL ERA
The air cargo industry is undergoing structural transformation driven by technological innovation and digitalization. Traditionally based on fragmented, document-intensive processes, air cargo logistics is evolving toward integrated, data-driven ecosystems characterized by real-time visibility, automation, and digital collaboration. This study examines how innovation drives structural change in air cargo logistics, drawing on institutional data and reports from IATA, ICAO, the World Bank, and UNCTAD. Using a socio-technical innovation perspective, the analysis explores the interaction between technological adoption, organizational restructuring, and regulatory adaptation, with particular attention to digital supply chains, e-freight initiatives, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, blockchain, and smart cargo terminals (Ivanov & Dolgui, 2020; Wamba et al., 2020). The findings indicate that while digitalization improves efficiency, transparency, and resilience, persistent challenges remain, including interoperability constraints, governance issues, cybersecurity risks, and uneven adoption across regions. The study demonstrates that successful innovation outcomes depend not only on technology deployment but also on institutional readiness, infrastructure capacity, and strategic innovation management (Büyüközkan & Göçer, 2018; Queiroz et al., 2021). The article concludes that digital transformation represents a systemic reconfiguration of value creation and coordination mechanisms within global supply chains and outlines future trends related to AI-driven decision-making and automation.
air cargo logistics; digitalization; innovation; digital supply chains; e-freight; artificial intelligence; big data analytics; blockchain; digital transformation; innovation management; automation; sustainability.
BUXORO VILOYATIDA 2023–2025 YILLARDA SAKSOVUL BUQUR CHIGIRTKASINING TUXUM QO‘YISH MAYDONLARI DINAMIKASI VA ZICHLIK STRUKTURASI TAHLILI
Maqolada Buxoro viloyatida 2023–2025 yillarda saksovul buqur chigirtkasining tuxum qo‘ygan maydonlari, kuzatuv qamrovi va 1 m² ga to‘g‘ri keluvchi tuxum ko‘zachalari zichligi sinflari bo‘yicha hududiy-vaqtli dinamika tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot 2023–2025 yil hisobot jadvallaridagi tumanlar kesimidagi raqamlarga tayanadi. Natijalarga ko‘ra, umumiy kuzatuv maydoni 2023 yilda 18 500 ga bo‘lgan bo‘lsa, 2024 yilda 19 636 ga, 2025 yilda 25 150 ga ni tashkil etdi; tuxum ko‘zachalari mavjud bo‘lgan maydon esa mos ravishda 1 050 ga → 1 934 ga → 3 189 ga ga o‘sgan. Zichlik strukturasi 2023–2024 yillarda asosan 5–10 ko‘zacha/m² sinfi ustun bo‘lgan (2023: 40,95%; 2024: 30,77%), 2025 yilda esa 1 ko‘zacha/m² gacha sinfi keskin dominant holatga o‘tgan (84,04%). Olingan natijalar PQ–5185 (15.07.2021) va VMQ 311-son (07.06.2022) qarorlarida belgilangan erta monitoring, manzilli profilaktika va boshqaruv qarorlarini ma’lumotga asoslangan tarzda qabul qilish zarurligini qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi.
chigirtka, tuxum qo‘yish, monitoring, zichlik sinflari, fitosanitar xavf, Buxoro viloyati.
В статье изучается градостроительное проектирование, где рассматривает комплексную деятельность по созданию, развитию и реконструкции поселений, включая архитектурное инженерное проектирование, а также градостроительство как теория и практика планировки и застройки городов в современный период, с перестройкой управления народным хозяйством, тем самым изучает в получении максимальный эффект в достижении целей проектирования градостроительных работ.
Градостроительство, творческая деятельность, проектирование, строительство городов, общегосударственные нормы, правила инструкции, проектная–планировочная документации.
ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ГОВЯДИНЫ, ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННОЙ ДЛЯ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ
В данной статье представлены результаты комплексных лабораторных исследований образцов мяса крупного рогатого скота, предназначенного для употребления в пищу. Проведена оценка показателей безопасности и качества продукции в соответствии с требованиями ветеринарно-санитарных норм. Изучены органолептические, физико-химические и микробиологические показатели мяса, а также их соответствие действующим нормативным документам. На основании полученных данных дана ветеринарно-санитарная характеристика исследованных образцов и определена их пригодность к реализации и потреблению. Результаты исследования подтверждают важность проведения ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы в системе обеспечения безопасности пищевой продукции.
бульон, белок, кислотность, периоксидаза, окисление, осадок, фермент, соли тяжелых металлов, помутнение.
YONG‘IN VA PORTLASH HOLATLARIDA MUHOFAZA QILISH TADBIRLARI
Mazkur maqolada yong‘in va portlash holatlarida muhofaza qilish tadbirlarining nazariy asoslari hamda amaliy jihatlari kompleks yondashuv asosida tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot jarayonida yong‘in va portlash jarayonlarining fizik-kimyoviy mohiyati, xavf omillarini aniqlash va baholash mezonlari, shuningdek, texnik, tashkiliy va pedagogik muhofaza choralarining o‘zaro integratsiyasi o‘rganildi. Xalqaro va milliy me’yoriy hujjatlar qiyosiy tahlil qilinib, xavfsizlikni ta’minlashda profilaktik yondashuvning ustuvorligi asoslab berildi. Tadqiqot natijalari yong‘in va portlash xavfsizligini ta’minlashda risklarni boshqarish, avtomatlashtirilgan aniqlash tizimlari hamda xavfsizlik madaniyatini shakllantirish muhim ahamiyat kasb etishini ko‘rsatadi. Ishda ishlab chiqilgan ilmiy xulosalar va tavsiyalar favqulodda vaziyatlarning oldini olish hamda ularning salbiy oqibatlarini minimallashtirishga xizmat qiladi.
Yong‘in xavfsizligi, portlash xavfi, muhofaza tadbirlari, favqulodda vaziyatlar, risklarni boshqarish, xavfsizlik madaniyati, profilaktik yondashuv, avtomatlashtirilgan signalizatsiya, evakuatsiya, texnik va tashkiliy choralar.
THE ROLE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Formative assessment has become a central component of modern foreign language teaching, shifting the focus from evaluation of learning to assessment for learning. Unlike summative assessment, which measures outcomes at the end of instruction, formative assessment provides continuous feedback that supports learners’ development throughout the learning process. This article examines the role of formative assessment in enhancing language acquisition, learner autonomy, and classroom interaction. Drawing on theories of second language acquisition, sociocultural theory, and learner-centered pedagogy, the study explores how formative assessment strategies-such as feedback, peer assessment, self-assessment, and ongoing monitoring-contribute to effective language learning. Using an analytical approach based on existing literature, the paper demonstrates that formative assessment improves learners’ motivation, promotes metacognitive awareness, and supports communicative competence. The findings suggest that integrating formative assessment into foreign language teaching leads to more personalized, interactive, and effective learning environments.
formative assessment, foreign language teaching, feedback, learner autonomy, SLA, classroom interaction
“EMOTSIYANING FRUSTRATSIYALARI NAZARIYASI”
Ushbu maqola emotsiyalarning frustratsiyalari nazariyasi bilan bog‘liq psixologik tushunchalarni o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Frustratsiya — shaxsning maqsadlariga erisha olmasligi yoki ehtiyojlarining qondirilmasligi natijasida yuzaga keladigan ichki ruhiy zo‘riqish holati sifatida aniqlanadi. Emotsiyalar, shu jumladan g‘azab, qayg‘u, qo‘rquv va befarqlik, frustratsiya jarayonida sezilarli rol o‘ynaydi. Nazariya asosida shaxsning frustratsiyaga reaksiyasi, emotsiyalarni boshqarish usullari va ruhiy barqarorlikni saqlash mexanizmlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada psixologik tadqiqotlar va amaliy kuzatuvlar asosida frustratsiya va emotsiyalarning o‘zaro ta’siri, shuningdek, stress va motivatsiya bilan bog‘liqligi ham yoritilgan. Frustratsiyaga uchragan shaxsning hissiy reaksiyalari uning qaror qabul qilish jarayoniga, ijtimoiy munosabatlariga va shaxsiy rivojlanishiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Shu sababli emotsiyalarning frustratsiyalari nazariyasi psixologiya fanida amaliy va nazariy ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada shuningdek o‘quvchi va tadqiqotchi fikri asosida frustratsiyaga chidamlilikni oshirish va emotsiyalarni boshqarish usullari tahlil qilinadi.
emotsiya, frustratsiya, frustratsiyalarning nazariyasi, ruhiy barqarorlik, stress, motivatsiya, hissiy boshqarish
INTERNET LINGVISTIKASI VA UNING O'RGANILISH DARAJASI.
Maqolada internet lingvistikasi tushunchasi, uning shakllanishi, bosqichlari hamda jahon va o'zbek tilshunosligida o'rganilish darajasi tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli kommunikatsiya jarayonida yuzaga kelayotgan lingvistik hodisalar- qisqartmalar, emotikon va emoji birliklari grafemik transformatsiyalar hamda kod almashuvi ilmiy asosda yoritiladi.Internet diskursining o'ziga xos pragmatik va sotsialingvistik xususiyatlari aniqlanadi.
internet lingvistikasi, raqamli kommunikatsiya, virtual diskurs, emoji, qisqartma, kod aralashuvi, ijtimoiy tarmoq.
TA’LIM TIZIMIDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT TEXNOLOGIYALARI QOLLASHNING O’RNI, IMKONIYATLARI, MUAMMOLARI VA ISTIQBOLLARI
Maqolada ta’lim tizimida raqamli texnologiyalarning tarqalishi bilan bog‘liq masalalar muhokama qilinadi. Ta’limda sun’iy intellektdan foydalanish bilan bog‘liq mavzular muhokama qilinadi. Ta’limda sun’iy intellektdan foydalanishning ta’limva va tarbiya masalalariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.
Axborot, kommunikatsiya, ta’lim texnologiyalari, sun’iy intellekt, video signal, multimedia, individual, motivasiya, kompyuter, informatika
ПОКАЗАНИЯ К КЕСАРЕВУ СЕЧЕНИЮ И ЕГО ИСХОДЫ В ГОРОДЕ ФЕРГАНА
Введение. Кесарево сечение является ключевой технологией снижения материнской и перинатальной смертности при осложнённой беременности и родах. Одновременно рост частоты операций актуализирует задачу клинической обоснованности показаний и контроля исходов, поскольку повторные вмешательства, экстренный характер операции и сопутствующая акушерская патология ассоциированы с повышением риска кровотечений, инфекционных осложнений и неблагоприятных неонатальных исходов.
Выполнено ретроспективное наблюдательное исследование на базе акушерских стационаров города Фергана. Анализ включал структуру показаний к кесареву сечению, распределение операций на плановые и экстренные, а также ранние материнские (кровопотеря, анемия, эндометрит, раневая инфекция, тромбоэмболические осложнения, длительность госпитализации) и неонатальные исходы (оценка по Апгар, потребность в респираторной поддержке, перевод в ОИТН, ранние инфекционные и дыхательные нарушения). Для систематизации показаний применён клинико-организационный подход с выделением доменов: рубец на матке/повторное КС, нарушения состояния плода, диспропорция и осложнения родовой деятельности, гипертензивные расстройства, тазовое предлежание и др.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF INDIVIDUAL CHESS TRAINING FOR CHILDREN OF JUNIOR SCHOOL AGE
The article presents the data compiled for the development of an effective methodology for individual chess teaching for children of primary school age. Recommendations have been developed for an effective methodology for individual chess teaching for children of primary school age. The methods used to improve the methodology for individual primary chess teaching allow for the coordination of classroom activities, extracurricular activities, club activities, and training sessions.
Chess, research, control group, experimental group, methodology, debut, middle game, endgame, individual, beginner training, combination, position, positional analysis, etude, maneuver, etude, variation, improvement.
SURUNKALI BUYRAK YETISHMOVCHILIGI VA METABOLIK ATSIDOZDA NEYTROFIL IMMUNITETI DIALIZ OLDI VA KEYIN DAVRNING QIYOSIY TAHLILI
Surunkali buyrak yetishmovchiligi (SBY) butun dunyo aholisi orasida tarqalishi tez sur'atlar bilan o'sib borayotgan patologik holat bo'lib, u nafaqat buyraklarning filtratsion funksiyasining pasayishi, balki ko'plab tizimli kasalliklarning rivojlanishiga ham sabab bo'ladi [2]. So'nggi o'n yillikda olib borilgan ilmiy tadqiqotlar SBY patogenezida metabolik atsidoz va immun tizim buzilishlari, xususan, neytrofil granulotsitlar funksiyasining o'zgarishi muhim ahamiyat kasb etishini ko'rsatmoqda [2], [3]. Ushbu sharxli maqola surunkali buyrak yetishmovchiligi va metabolik atsidoz sharoitida neytrofil immunitetining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini, dializ oldi va dializdan keyingi davrlardagi dinamikasini tahlil qilishga bag'ishlangan. Neytrofillar tug'ma immunitet tizimining asosiy hujayralari hisoblanib, ular organizmni bakterial va zamburug'li infektsiyalardan himoya qilishda birinchi darajali rol o'ynaydi [2]. SBY fonida rivojlanadigan metabolik atsidoz, uremik toksinlarning to'planishi va oksidativ stress neytrofillarning funksional faolligiga jiddiy ta'sir ko'rsatadi [1], [3]. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, SBYning dastlabki bosqichlarida neytrofillarning fagotsitar faolligi nisbatan saqlanib qolgan bo'lsa-da, kasallikning so'nggi bosqichlarida va ayniqsa gemodializ terapiyasi boshlanganidan so'ng ushbu ko'rsatkichlar keskin o'zgaradi [3], [6], [9]. Metabolik atsidoz SBYning deyarli muqarrar asorati bo'lib, qon pH darajasining pasayishi bilan xarakterlanadi. Bu holat neytrofillarning fermentativ faolligiga, ularning membranaviy retseptorlarining ekspressiyasiga va yallig'lanish oldi sitokinlarini ishlab chiqarish qobiliyatiga bevosita ta'sir qiladi [2]. Ayniqsa, gemodializ muolajasi davomida qonning dializ membranasi bilan kontakti natijasida neytrofillarning qo'shimcha aktivatsiyasi kuzatiladi, bu esa ularning funksional zaxirasining tugashiga va immunitet tangisligining chuqurlashishiga olib keladi [4], [6]. Ushbu maqolada 2015-2025 yillar oralig'ida nufuzli ilmiy bazalarda (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) chop etilgan tadqiqot natijalari tahlil qilingan. Asosiy e'tibor SBYning turli bosqichlarida neytrofillarning fagotsitar faolligi, reaktiv kislorod turlarini ishlab chiqarish qobiliyati, degranulyatsiya jarayonlari va apoptozga chidamlilik kabi parametrlarga qaratilgan [2], [5]. Shuningdek, dializ terapiyasining turli usullari (gemodializ, peritoneal dializ, gemodiafiltratsiya) neytrofil immunitetiga ta'siri nuqtai nazaridan qiyosiy tahlil qilingan [3], [6]. Maqolaning dolzarbligi shundan iboratki, SBY bilan og'rigan bemorlarda o'limning asosiy sabablaridan biri yuqumli asoratlar bo'lib qolmoqda. Neytrofil immunitetidagi buzilishlarni chuqur tushunish va ularni korreksiya qilish yo'llarini ishlab chiqish ushbu bemorlarning hayot sifatini yaxshilash va prognozni yaxshilashga xizmat qilishi mumkin. Metabolik atsidoz va uremiya sharoitida neytrofillar metabolizmidagi o'zgarishlarni o'rganish yangi terapevtik strategiyalarni ishlab chiqish uchun nazariy asos bo'lib xizmat qiladi.
surunkali buyrak yetishmovchiligi, metabolik atsidoz, neytrofil immuniteti, gemodializ, fagotsitoz, oksidativ stress, uremik toksinlar, yallig'lanish, dializ membranalari, neytrofil aktivatsiyasi.
SOG’LOM SHAXSLARDA PSIXOEMOTSIONAL STRESS VA DOZALANGAN JISMONIY YUKLAMA PAYTIDA YURAK URISH CHASTOTASI HAMDA ARTERIAL QON BOSIMINING ADAPTIV JAVOB MEXANIZMLARI
Ushbu maqolada sog’lom shaxslarda psixoemotsional stress va dozalangan jismoniy yuklama paytida yurak urish chastotasi hamda arterial qon bosimining adaptive javob mexanizmlari keng yoritiladi. Moslashishni talab qiladigan har qanday vaziyat stressga olib kelishi mumkin. Muayyan darajadagi stress foydali bo'lishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, haddan tashqari stress ishlashga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatishi mumkin. Shaxslar stressga nisbatan turlicha qarashlari, talqinlari va yengish mexanizmlari bilan ajralib turadi. Inson tanasi stressga biologik funktsiyalardagi, ayniqsa vegetativ funktsiyalardagi o'zgarishlar bilan javob beradi. Talabalarda imtihondan oldingi va keyingi stressda yurak urish chastotasi hamda arterial bosim o’zgarishlari o’rganildi . Imtihondan oldin aksariyat talabalarda pulsning va arterial bosimning ortishi kuzatildi. Bularning barchasi stress darajasining o’zgarishi bilan bog’liq. Imtihondan oldingi stress darajasi va keyingi psixiologik tiklanish jarayonlarida pulsning o’zgarishining fiziologik asoslari o’zganildi. Ekspremental tajriba metoddan foydalanilgan. Ushbu tajriba Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universitetining 2-kurs talabalari ishtirok etdi. Puls o’zgarishi hisoblash orqali talabalardagi stress darajasi aniqlandi. Ma'lumotlarning statistik tahlili uchun Studentning bog'liq t-testi (Paired t-test) uslubidan foydalanildi. p < 0,001 statistik jihatdan ahamiyatli deb hisoblandi.
Psixoemotsional stress, imtihon stress, yurak urishlar soni,t-testi,avtonom nerv sistemasi, “kurash yoki qoch” mexanizmi,stressni boshqarish.
This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept as one of the central notions of modern cognitive linguistics. The study aims to systematize various scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept and to clarify its cognitive, linguistic, and cultural characteristics. The research is based on theoretical works of Russian and foreign scholars in the fields of cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, philosophy, and psychology. Descriptive, comparative, analytical-synthetic, cognitive, and discursive methods are applied in the study. The results show that the concept is a complex, multidimensional mental unit that reflects not only logical knowledge but also emotional, evaluative, and cultural components of human experience. It is established that the concept differs from the notion by its dynamic nature, cultural conditioning, and discursive realization. The study also reveals that conceptualization and categorization are fundamental cognitive processes that structure human knowledge about the world, resulting in the formation of the conceptosphere. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations of cognitive linguistics and may serve as a basis for further interdisciplinary research.
concept, cognitive linguistics, mental unit, conceptualization, categorization, conceptosphere, discourse, linguoculturology
Mazkur maqolada shaxmat o‘yinining shaxsning intellektual rivojlanishiga ta’siri ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida o‘quvchilarning mantiqiy fikrlashi, diqqat, xotira va strategik tafakkurini rivojlantirish muhim vazifalardan biri hisoblanadi. Shaxmat o‘yini intellektual sport turi sifatida o‘quvchilarning aqliy salohiyatini oshirish, mustaqil fikrlash va to‘g‘ri qaror qabul qilish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishda muhim vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Tadqiqot jarayonida shaxmat bilan muntazam shug‘ullanishning diqqat, xotira, mantiqiy fikrlash va analitik qobiliyatlarga ta’siri ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida tahlil qilindi. Olingan natijalar shaxmat o‘yini o‘quvchilarning intellektual rivojlanishiga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishini va ularning ta’lim jarayonidagi faolligini oshirishda muhim omil ekanligini ko‘rsatdi.
shaxmat, intellektual rivojlanish, mantiqiy fikrlash, xotira, diqqat, strategik tafakkur, ta’lim
TALABALIK HAYOTI VA UNING SHAXS KAMOLOTIDAGI O‘RNI
Mazkur maqolada talabalik hayotining shaxs kamolotidagi o‘rni ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Talabalik davri inson hayotidagi eng muhim bosqichlardan biri bo‘lib, aynan shu davrda shaxsning mustaqil fikrlashi, kasbiy yo‘nalishi va ijtimoiy faolligi shakllanadi. Oliy ta’lim muassasasidagi ilmiy va ma’naviy muhit yoshlarning bilim darajasini oshirish, ularni jamiyatga foydali mutaxassis sifatida shakllantirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Maqolada talabalik yillarida orttirilgan bilim va ko‘nikmalarning kelajak hayotdagi ahamiyati ochib berilgan hamda yoshlarning jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni yoritilgan.
talabalik hayoti, shaxs kamoloti, oliy ta’lim, ijtimoiy faollik, ma’naviy rivojlanish, ilmiy salohiyat.
INSON RESURSLARINI BOSHQARISHDA SUN'IY INTELLEKTDAN FOYDALANISHNING O’ZIGA XOS JIHATLARI
Ushbu tezisda inson resurslarini boshqarishda sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalaridan foydalanishning o‘ziga xos jihatlari, imkoniyatlari hamda muammolari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot davomida sun’iy intellektning xodimlarni tanlash, baholash, rivojlantirish va monitoring qilish jarayonlaridagi roli ochib berilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy kompaniyalar tajribasi asosida sun’iy intellektga asoslangan tizimlarning samaradorligi, ularning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ta’siri hamda axloqiy va huquqiy xavf-xatarlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Olingan natijalar inson omilini saqlagan holda, boshqaruv jarayonlarida sun’iy intellektdan oqilona va muvozanatli foydalanish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.
Sun’iy intellekt, inson resurslarini boshqarish, kadrlar tanlash, raqamli transformatsiya, avtomatlashtirish, xodimlarni rivojlantirish, mehnat bozori, axloqiy muammolar.
SOILS AND AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE BUKHARA REGION, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The article examines the soil-climatic and agromeliorative characteristics of the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, located in the subtropical desert zone of Central Asia. Based on long-term meteorological observations, the temperature regime, precipitation amount, moisture evaporation, wind processes, and their influence on agricultural crop development are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of irrigated meadow, meadow-bog, meadow-takyr, and grey-brown soils, including their mechanical composition, salinity level, and nutrient availability. It is shown that high evaporation rates, low air humidity, and shallow groundwater levels contribute to the development of salinization processes. The necessity of efficient operation of the collector-drainage network and rational water use for maintaining soil fertility in the region is substantiated.
agroclimate, irrigated soils, meadow soils, salinity, groundwater, land reclamation, desert agriculture, soil fertility
CHILDREN’S SPEECH, CHILDREN’S WORLDVIEW, AND A HIGH EXAMPLE OF LITERARY MASTERY IN THE WORKS OF MARK TWAIN
This article examines the speech patterns, worldview, and literary portrayal of children in the works of Mark Twain. It highlights the realistic, humorous, and poetic qualities of children’s dialogue and analyzes how these elements are preserved or adapted in translation. The study compares different translations, emphasizing the degree of fidelity and creative interpretation in conveying children’s language and behavior.
Children’s speech, children’s literature, Mark Twain, translation, literary style
EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING FUTURE ENGINEERING STUDENTS USING DIGITALIZED EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
This article analyzes the issues of increasing the effectiveness of training future engineering students based on digital educational technologies. In the modern higher education system, the use of digital platforms, virtual laboratories, distance learning systems, and artificial intelligence tools is considered an important factor in the formation of engineering competencies. The study pedagogically and methodologically substantiates the influence of the digital educational environment on the development of professional qualities of engineers - analytical thinking, problem-solving skills, project thinking, and digital competencies.
Flexible education, digitalization, professional quality, engineer, pedagogical experience, self-improvement, innovative content, improvement, accessibility of the learning process.
SOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF TOLERANCE IN THE MINDS OF TODAY’S YOUTH
This article examines the social factors influencing the formation of the concept of tolerance in the consciousness of young people in the context of contemporary society. In conditions of accelerated globalization, digital transformation, increasing migration processes, and the expansion of the information environment, tolerance is considered a key social and civic competence of youth. The study analyzes the role of major social institutions, including family, education systems, media, and state youth policies, in shaping tolerant attitudes and behaviors. The research is based on a review of international reports published between 2018 and 2024, as well as recent scientific studies and normative legal documents issued by organizations such as UNESCO, OECD, and UNDP. The findings highlight that a systematic and coordinated approach among social institutions is essential for fostering tolerance and social cohesion among young people. The conclusions of the study contribute to the development of scientific and practical recommendations aimed at strengthening social harmony and promoting sustainable societal development.
Tolerance, youth; social factors; Social competence; Globalization; Digital environment; Social institutions; Civic education
NATIONAL IDEOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL CULTURE
This article extensively covers the ideology formed during the years of independence and its related interaction with ecological culture, which is of great importance in the spiritual perfection of man and harmonious interaction with nature.
national ideology, ecological culture, green space, sustainability, norm, self-awareness, responsibility, spiritual development, environment.
ARAUKARIYA (ARAUCARIA) O‘SIMLIGINING VEGETATIV KO‘PAYISH USULLARI
Ushbu maqolada araukariya (Araucaria) o‘simligining vegetativ ko‘payish usullari texnologiyasi, uning afzalliklari va amaliy ahamiyati haqidagi ma’lumotlar batafsil yoritilgan.
Araukariya, vegetativ ko‘payish, qalamcha, ignabargli o‘simliklar, manzarali o‘simlik.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARINING ZAMONAVIY KASBLARGA QIZIQISHNI XALQARO TAJRIBALAR ASOSIDA SHAKLLANTIRISHDA INNOVATSION VA INTEGRATSION TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISH
Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida zamonaviy STEM-kasblarga (fan, texnologiya, muhandislik, matematika) va raqamli iqtisodiyot kasblariga qiziqishni shakllantirishning xalqaro ilg‘or tajribalari tahlil qilinadi. Yevropa, Osiyo va Afrika qit’alarida amalga oshirilgan amaliy dasturlar (Dow STEM, CCI, STEPS., Future-Ready Classrooms, eTwinning loyihalari) misolida innovatsion (VR, AI, kodlash, dizayn tafakkuri) va integratsion (fanlararo yondashuv, maktab-sanoat hamkorligi, xalqaro hamkorlik) texnologiyalarning pedagogik samaradorligi yoritilgan.
boshlang‘ich ta’lim, STEM, STEAM innovatsion texnologiyalar, integratsion yondashuv, kasbga yo‘naltirish, xalqaro tajriba, dizayn tafakkuri, sun’iy intellekt, fanlararo integratsiya.
XALQARO TA’MINOT ZANJIRI BOSHQARUVI VA ZAMONAVIY LOGISTIKA STRATEGIYALARI
Zamonaviy dunyoda ishlab chiqarishning tez sur'atlarda o'sishi va turli korxonalar tomonidan ishlab chiqarilayotgan tovarlar assortimenti kengayishi, shuningdek, omborlar tashkil etilishi, bu jarayonlar korxonaning tovar aylanmasining oshishiga ta'sir ko'rsatadi. Bularning barchasi esa korxonani boshqarishda logistikaning ahamiyatini yanada oshiradi. Ushbu tezis milliy va xorijiy amaliyotlarda transport-logistika loyihalari samaradorligini qiyosiy tahlil qiladi. Rivojlangan va rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda logistika sohasining holati, transport-logistika loyihalarini boshqarishning uslubiy yondashuvlari va samaradorlikni baholashda qoʻllaniladigan koʻrsatkichlar tizimi koʻrib chiqiladi. Maqolada, shuningdek, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida transport-logistika sohasini rivojlantirish boʻyicha istiqbolli yoʻnalishlar va amalga oshirilayotgan ishlar tahlil qilinadi.
Transport-logistika loyihalari, samaradorlik, milliy amaliyot, xorijiy amaliyot, logistika tizimlari
GLOBAL LOGISTIKA STRATEGIYALARI: ZAMONAVIY BOSHQARUV USLUBLARI
Globalizatsiya jarayoni va raqamli texnologiyalarning jadallashuvi logistika sohasida tub o'zgarishlarga olib kelmoqda. Ushbu maqolada xalqaro logistika tizimlarining zamonaviy boshqaruv uslublari, raqamli transformatsiya, barqarorlik tamoyillari va yetkazib berish zanjiri resilensi strategiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari ko'rsatadiki, sun'iy intellekt va IoT texnologiyalarining qo'llanilishi logistika xarajatlarini 15-25% ga kamaytirish potentsialiga ega. Shuningdek, barqaror logistika yondashuvi korporativ ma'suliyatni oshirish bilan birga resurs samaradorligini 20% ga yaxshilaydi. Pandemiya va geopolitik to'qnashuvlar global yetkazib berish zanjirlarining zaif tomonlarini ochib berdi, bu esa resilens strategiyalarning ahamiyatini yanada oshirdi. Ushbu maqola logistika menejerlari va akademik tadqiqotchilar uchun amaliy yo'riqnoma sifatida xizmat qiladi.
global logistika, raqamli transformatsiya, yetkazib berish zanjiri, barqarorlik, resilens, IoT, sun'iy intellekt, blokcheyn.
JISMONIY TARBIYA VOSITALARI YORDAMIDA MAKTABGACHA TA'LIM YOSHIDAGI BOLALARDA SHAXSNI SHAKLLANTIRISH JARAYONINING NAZARIY VA AMALIY ASOSLARI
Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bollarni jismoniy tarbiyalash mazmuni va vazifalari yoritilgan bo’lib ,jismoniy mashqlarning organizimga tasiri va pedagogik jarayonning o’zaro uyg’unligi, maktabgacha ta’1im yoshidagi bolalarga mashg‘u1otlarning foydasi, jismoniy mashqlarning ahamiyati va texnikasi, ularni o‘tkazish metodikasi va harakatli o‘yinlar haqidagi tushuncha va bilimlarni berish bizning oldimizga qo’yilgan tajribada batafsil yoritilgan.
jismoniy tarbiya, jismoniy mashq, xarakatli o’yin, jismoniy rivojlanish, musiqali gimnastika, top, arqon.
BUYRAK USTI BEZI TUZILISHI VA GARMONLARI
Buyrakusti bezlari juft a'zo bolib, u muhim funksiyaga ega. Har bir buyrakusti bezi anatomik jihatdan bitta a'zo bo'lsa ham, aslida u ikkita bezning birlashuvidan vujudga keladi. Bu bezning ikki tarkibiy qismi - miya va po'st moddalari o’zining tuzilishi va rivojlanishi jihatidan mustaqil a'zolar hisoblanadi va o'ziga xos gormonlarni ishlab chiqaradi.
Buyrak usti bezi, endokrin tizim, kortizol, aldosteron, adrenalin, noradrenalin, gormonlar, modda almashinuvi, qon bosimi nazorati, glyukokortikoidlar, mineralokortikoidlar, katexolaminlar. Jinsiy garmonlar, mag`iz qism, po`stloq qism, zonalar.
“ZAMONAVIY TAʼLIMDA MASOFAVIY OʻQITISH: BILISH VA KOMPYUTER”
Ushbu maqolada masofali o‘qitish hozirgi kunning barcha talablariga javob berishi, ayniqsa, yo‘l xarajatlarini hisobga olmaganda, kunduzgi ta’limni barcha sistemalarini tashkil qilishida mablag‘lariga ham o‘z ta’sirini ko‘rsatishi, lekin bularni amalga oshirishda ko‘pgina faktorlar hisobida qiyinchilik bilan amalga oshirilib kelinishi haqida bayon qilingan.
матбуот, масофа, коммуникация, модель, система, автоном, сиёсат, тасаввур,кўникма,порталь
ЗИЛЗИЛАЛАРДАН МУҲОФАЗАЛАНИШДА ЎЗБЕКИСТОН ВА БМТ ҲАМКОРЛИК АЛОҚАЛАРИ
тадқиқотда Ўзбекистон сейсмологларининг зилзилалар ва уларнинг талофатларидан муҳофазаланишда БМТ халқаро ташкилоти билан ҳамкорлик алоқаларини ўрнатилиши ва ҳамкорликда амалга оширилган чора-тадбирлар таҳлил этилди.
хориж, зилзила, офат, талофат, сейсмологлар, халқаро ташкилот, ҳамкорлик, оқибат, иқтисодий зарар, аҳоли, ҳимоялаш, давлат, мамлакат, муносабат.