TASHQI SAVDO DINAMIKASI VA BANK MOLIYAVIY XAVFSIZLIGI: O‘ZBEKISTON TIJORAT BANKLARI MISOLIDA AMALIY TAHLIL
Keywords:
tashqi savdo, tijorat banklari, moliyaviy xavfsizlik, tashqi savdoni moliyalashtirish, eksport, import, akkreditiv, bank kafolati, valyuta riski, likvidlik, bank tizimi, O‘zbekiston.Abstract
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston tijorat banklarida tashqi savdoni moliyalashtirish amaliyotining zamonaviy holati va uning bank moliyaviy xavfsizligiga ta’siri tadqiq etilgan. Tadqiqotda 2018–2025-yillarda O‘zbekiston tashqi savdo aylanmasi, eksport va import hajmlari, tashqi savdo saldosi, asosiy hamkor mamlakatlar, eksport-importning tovar tarkibi hamda bank tizimining moliyaviy ko‘rsatkichlari o‘zaro bog‘liq holda tahlil qilingan. Tahlillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, tashqi savdo aylanmasining 2018-yildagi 33,4 mlrd AQSH dollaridan 2025-yilda 81,2 mlrd AQSH dollarigacha oshishi tijorat banklari tomonidan xalqaro hisob-kitoblar, akkreditivlar, bank kafolatlari, eksport-import kreditlari, faktoring, forfeyting va valyuta operatsiyalariga bo‘lgan talabni kuchaytirmoqda. Shu bilan birga, import hajmining eksportga nisbatan yuqoriligi, tashqi savdo saldosining doimiy manfiy shakllanishi, ayrim hamkor mamlakatlar va tovar guruhlari bo‘yicha konsentratsiyaning mavjudligi banklar faoliyatida valyuta, likvidlik, kontragent, mamlakat, kredit va operatsion risklarni kuchaytiradi. Maqolada tashqi savdoni moliyalashtirish amaliyotini bank tizimi kapitali, likvidligi, kredit portfeli sifati va tashqi sektor ko‘rsatkichlari bilan bog‘liq holda baholash zarurligi asoslangan hamda bank moliyaviy xavfsizligini ta’minlash bo‘yicha ilmiy-amaliy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
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