AUTOIMMUN VASKULITLARDA LEYKOTSITLAR ROLINING TOMIR DEVORI QATLAMLARIDAGI (INTIMA, MEDIA, ADVENTITSIYA) SHIKASTLANISH KO‘RINISHLARIGA TA’SIRI
Keywords:
Autoimmun vaskulit, leykotsitlar, intima, media, adventitsiya, endotelial disfunksiya, neytrofil ekstravazatsiyasi, T-limfotsitlar, sitokinlar, vaskulit patogenezi.Abstract
Autoimmun vaskulitlar – bu tomirlarning turli qatlamlariga (intima, media, adventitsiya) immun tizimining o‘ziga xos javobidan kelib chiqadigan yallig‘lanish jarayonlari bilan kechadigan kasalliklar guruhi. Vaskulitlarning patogenezida immunitetning buzilishi, ayniqsa o‘ziga xos va o‘ziga xos bo‘lmagan immun javoblar integratsiyasi hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega. Leykotsitlar – neytrofillar, makrofaglar, T-limfotsitlar va B-limfotsitlar – bu jarayonning asosiy efektor hujayralari bo‘lib, endotelial faollashuv, sitokinlar va kimyoatraktantlar chiqarilishi, shuningdek, o‘z-immune komplekslari va antitasmalar hosil bo‘lishi orqali tomir devori shikastlanishini boshlaydi va kuchaytiradi [1]. Maqolada ushbu leykotsitlar subpopulyatsiyalarining intima qatlamidagi endotelial funksiyaning buzilishi, o‘tkirlik va media qatlamidagi elastik tolalarning nekrozi va aneurysm rivojlanishi, adventitsiyadagi yallig‘lanish va fibrozga olib keladigan mexanizmlari chuqur tahsil qilinadi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, har xil klinik ko‘rinishdagi vaskulitlar (masalan, Takayasu arteriti, Gigant hujayrali arteriti, ANKA-assotsiirangan vaskulitlar)da leykotsitlarning infiltratsiya darajasi va tarkibi, shuningdek, ular tomonidan ishlab chiqariladigan sitokin profili (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17) farq qiladi, bu esa tomir qatlamlaridagi shikastlanishning morfologik xususiyatlarini belgilaydi [2,3]. Zamonaviy molekulyar va hujayraviy texnologiyalar (masalan, bitta hujayra sekvensiyalash, multiplex immunofluoresensiya) leykotsitlar va tomir devori hujayralari o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro ta’sirning yangi yo‘llarini, shu jumladan “netoz” jarayoni va endotelial yallig‘langan fenotipni ochib berdi, bu esa yangi terapevtik nuqtalarni aniqlash imkonini beradi [4,5]. Ushbu sharhli maqola 2015-2025 yillar oralig‘ida nashr etilgan ilmiy ma’lumotlarni umumlashtirib, autoimmun vaskulitlarda leykotsitlar tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan patogenetik mexanizmlarni tomir devorining har bir qatlami bo‘yicha tizimli tahsil qiladi va hozirgi kunda qo‘llaniladigan biologik terapiyalarning samaradorligi asosida kelajakdagi davolash strategiyalari haqida mulohaza yuritadi [6,7].
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