SURUNKALI BUYRAK YETISHMOVCHILIGI VA METABOLIK ATSIDOZDA NEYTROFIL IMMUNITETI DIALIZ OLDI VA KEYIN DAVRNING QIYOSIY TAHLILI
Keywords:
surunkali buyrak yetishmovchiligi, metabolik atsidoz, neytrofil immuniteti, gemodializ, fagotsitoz, oksidativ stress, uremik toksinlar, yallig'lanish, dializ membranalari, neytrofil aktivatsiyasi.Abstract
Surunkali buyrak yetishmovchiligi (SBY) butun dunyo aholisi orasida tarqalishi tez sur'atlar bilan o'sib borayotgan patologik holat bo'lib, u nafaqat buyraklarning filtratsion funksiyasining pasayishi, balki ko'plab tizimli kasalliklarning rivojlanishiga ham sabab bo'ladi [2]. So'nggi o'n yillikda olib borilgan ilmiy tadqiqotlar SBY patogenezida metabolik atsidoz va immun tizim buzilishlari, xususan, neytrofil granulotsitlar funksiyasining o'zgarishi muhim ahamiyat kasb etishini ko'rsatmoqda [2], [3]. Ushbu sharxli maqola surunkali buyrak yetishmovchiligi va metabolik atsidoz sharoitida neytrofil immunitetining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini, dializ oldi va dializdan keyingi davrlardagi dinamikasini tahlil qilishga bag'ishlangan.
Neytrofillar tug'ma immunitet tizimining asosiy hujayralari hisoblanib, ular organizmni bakterial va zamburug'li infektsiyalardan himoya qilishda birinchi darajali rol o'ynaydi [2]. SBY fonida rivojlanadigan metabolik atsidoz, uremik toksinlarning to'planishi va oksidativ stress neytrofillarning funksional faolligiga jiddiy ta'sir ko'rsatadi [1], [3]. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, SBYning dastlabki bosqichlarida neytrofillarning fagotsitar faolligi nisbatan saqlanib qolgan bo'lsa-da, kasallikning so'nggi bosqichlarida va ayniqsa gemodializ terapiyasi boshlanganidan so'ng ushbu ko'rsatkichlar keskin o'zgaradi [3], [6], [9].
Metabolik atsidoz SBYning deyarli muqarrar asorati bo'lib, qon pH darajasining pasayishi bilan xarakterlanadi. Bu holat neytrofillarning fermentativ faolligiga, ularning membranaviy retseptorlarining ekspressiyasiga va yallig'lanish oldi sitokinlarini ishlab chiqarish qobiliyatiga bevosita ta'sir qiladi [2]. Ayniqsa, gemodializ muolajasi davomida qonning dializ membranasi bilan kontakti natijasida neytrofillarning qo'shimcha aktivatsiyasi kuzatiladi, bu esa ularning funksional zaxirasining tugashiga va immunitet tangisligining chuqurlashishiga olib keladi [4], [6].
Ushbu maqolada 2015-2025 yillar oralig'ida nufuzli ilmiy bazalarda (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) chop etilgan tadqiqot natijalari tahlil qilingan. Asosiy e'tibor SBYning turli bosqichlarida neytrofillarning fagotsitar faolligi, reaktiv kislorod turlarini ishlab chiqarish qobiliyati, degranulyatsiya jarayonlari va apoptozga chidamlilik kabi parametrlarga qaratilgan [2], [5]. Shuningdek, dializ terapiyasining turli usullari (gemodializ, peritoneal dializ, gemodiafiltratsiya) neytrofil immunitetiga ta'siri nuqtai nazaridan qiyosiy tahlil qilingan [3], [6].
Maqolaning dolzarbligi shundan iboratki, SBY bilan og'rigan bemorlarda o'limning asosiy sabablaridan biri yuqumli asoratlar bo'lib qolmoqda. Neytrofil immunitetidagi buzilishlarni chuqur tushunish va ularni korreksiya qilish yo'llarini ishlab chiqish ushbu bemorlarning hayot sifatini yaxshilash va prognozni yaxshilashga xizmat qilishi mumkin. Metabolik atsidoz va uremiya sharoitida neytrofillar metabolizmidagi o'zgarishlarni o'rganish yangi terapevtik strategiyalarni ishlab chiqish uchun nazariy asos bo'lib xizmat qiladi.
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